Nearly 35% of People with Kidney Failure are Black – Why?

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Kidney failure, known in medical circles as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), casts a heavy shadow over Black folks in the United States. Nearly 35 percent of those grappling with this condition are Black, even though they make up just 13 percent of the population.

It’s a stark reminder of how uneven health burdens can be, and how a fundamental lack of awareness can worsen it all.

But what’s really causing all this? Is it just one big tangled web of inherited risks, life circumstances, and a broken healthcare system?

In truth, this troubling trend boils down to a handful of key struggles.

Let’s break down what they are and why they matter so that you’re armed with all the information you need!

Genetics & Environment

Genetics throws a curveball right from the start for Black individuals. One gene called APOL1—more common in people with African roots—is tied to kidney trouble in a big way. A study in The New England Journal of Medicine found that having two risky versions of this gene increases the odds of serious kidney damage.

These conditions you may have heard of, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or hypertension-driven ESRD. In some cases, these and other conditions may increase in likelihood by as much as ten times.

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